Some factors that affect the structure, diversity and distribution of AMF communities are soil microorganism populations ( Garbaye, 1994 Gehring and Whitham, 2002), agricultural practices, such as logging, burning, use of fertilizer and tillage ( Jansa et al., 2003), and indirectly microclimate and topography ( Johnson, et al., 1992 Kernaghan, 2005).Ĭape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is distributed in the wild highlands of the South American Andes ( Pérez, 1996 Trillos et al., 2008), its place of origin ( Morton, 1987 Bartholomáus et al., 1990 Medina, 1991 Criollo and Ibarra, 1992 Chia et al., 1997). (2014) evaluated the composition of AMF communities in the Peruvian Andes in potato crops at four different altitudes from 2,658 to 4,075 m a.s.l., and they found a direct relationship between altitude and the community composition of AMF species. altitude) or the different stages of plant development that influence the composition of AMF communities ( Husband et al., 2002a, b Oehl et al., 2006 Senés et al., 2014). Many factors affect the dynamics of this symbiosis, such as geophysical factors (i.e. To understand this complex symbiotic association, it is necessary to know the environment in which it is developed and the factors that affect the establishment and functioning of AMF communities. A bi-directional exchange of nutrients is the basis of this association ( Breuninger and Requena, 2004 Genre et al., 2005, 2008), which favors plant nutrition and plant tolerance to biotic or abiotic stress (Van der Heijden and Sanders, 2002 Smith and Read, 2008 Smith and Smith, 2011). One of the symbiotic associations with the greatest geographic and botanical distributions is the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which covers more than 80% of plant species and is found in a great diversity of ecosystems ( Brachmann and Parniske, 2006 Bonfante and Genre, 2008). Palabras clave: diversidad riqueza Andes Colombianos Glomeromycota Esto muestra la alta diversidad de HFMA en los Andes tropicales, con una abundancia entre 20 y 120 esporas 10 g -1 de suelo en temporada de lluvias y entre 127 y 1531 esporas 10 g -1 de suelo en época seca. La evaluación de la abundancia de esporas y especies e índices de diversidad evidenció la presencia de 46 especies de HFMA en época seca y 31 en época de lluvias.
Se recolectaron 13 muestras compuestas de suelo de plantaciones de uchuva localizadas en Los Andes colombianos de los Departamentos de Cundinamarca y Boyacá, durante las temporadas seca (0-20 mm/mes) y lluviosa (150-330 mm/mes), para establecer la relación entre las características altitudinales y la diversidad de HFMA. La investigación tuvo como propósito evaluar la diversidad de los HFMA presentes en un transecto altitudinal (1500 a 3000 msnm) cultivado con uchuva ( Physalis peruviana L.). La diversidad de las comunidades hongos formadores de micorrizas (HFMA) en sistemas agrícolas depende de factores bióticos y abióticos, así como de prácticas culturales. Key words: diversity richness Colombian Andes Glomeromycota This shows the high diversity of AMF in the tropical Andes with spore abundance between 20 and 120 spores 10 g -1 of soil in the rainy season and between 1 spores 10 g -1 of soil in the dry season. The evaluation of the abundance of spores and species and diversity indexes showed the presence of 46 AMF species in the dry season and 31 in the rainy season. A set of 13 soil samples from cape gooseberry plantations located in the Colombian Andean mountains in the provinces of Cundinamarca and Boyaca were collected during dry (0-20 mm/month) and rainy (150-330 mm/month) seasons between 15 m a.s.l., in order to establish the relationship between the altitudinal characteristics and AMF diversity. This research aimed to evaluate the diversity of AMF present in an altitudinal transect cultivated with cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.). The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in agricultural systems depends on biotic and abiotic factors as well as on cultural practices.